Il-mutur elettriku juża l-prinċipju tal-forza li taġixxi fuq il-konduttur tal-kurrent fil-kamp manjetiku (dan huwa differenti mill-effett manjetiku tal-kurrent, il-verżjoni attwali tal-fiżika tad-disa 'grad tissepara b'mod ċar it-tnejn), u kienet il-fiżika Daniża li skoprew dan il-prinċipju. Dar - Oster, imwieled fl-14 ta' Awwissu, 1777, f'familja ta' apothecaries f'Rudchopin, Gżira Llangland.
Huwa ġie ammess fl-Università ta’ Kopenħagen fl-1794 u rċieva d-dottorat tiegħu fl-1799. Mill-1801 sal-1803, żar il-Ġermanja, Franza u pajjiżi oħra u ltaqa’ ma’ bosta fiżiċi u kimiċi. Fl-1806 inħatar professur tal-fiżika fl-Università ta’ Kopenħagen, u fl-1815 kien is-segretarju permanenti tar-Royal Danish Society. Fl-1820, ingħata l-Midalja Copley tar-Royal Society għall-iskoperta eċċellenti tiegħu tal-effett manjetiku tal-kurrent.
Fl-1829, kien id-dekan tal-Istitut tat-Teknoloġija ta 'Kopenħagen. Miet f'Kopenħagen fid-9 ta' Marzu 1851. Mexxa diversi studji fil-fiżika, il-kimika u l-filosofija.
Due to the influence of Kant's philosophy and Schelling's natural philosophy, he firmly believes that natural forces can be transformed into each other, and has long explored the connection between electricity and magnetism. In April 1820, the effect of current on the magnetic needle was finally discovered, that is, the magnetic effect of current.
On July 21 of the same year, he published his findings under the title "Experiments on the Conflict Effect of Magnetic Needles on Electricity". This short paper caused a great shock to the European physics community and led to the emergence of a large number of experimental results, thus opening up a new field of physics - electromagnetism.
Fl-1812 l-ewwel ippropona l-idea tal-konnessjoni bejn id-dawl u l-elettromanjetiżmu. Fl-1822 mexxa studju sperimentali tal-kompressibbiltà tal-likwidi u l-gassijiet. L-aluminju ġie estratt fl-1825, iżda l-purità ma kinitx għolja. Fir-riċerka akustika, ipprova jiskopri l-fenomeni elettriċi kkawżati mill-ħoss.
His last research work was diamagnetism. He is an enthusiastic teacher who attaches great importance to scientific research and experiments. He said: "I don't like the kind of boring lectures without experiments. All scientific research begins with experiments." So popular with students.
He was also an outstanding lecturer and popularizer of natural sciences. In 1824, he initiated the establishment of the Danish Association for the Promotion of Science and created the first physical laboratory in Denmark. In 1908, the Danish Association for the Promotion of Natural Sciences established the "Oster Medal" to recognize physicists who have made significant contributions. In 1934, the unit of magnetic field strength in the CGS unit system was named after "Oersted". In 1937, the American Association of Physics Teachers established the "Oster Medal" to reward physics teachers who have made contributions to physics teaching.
Fl-1821, Faraday għamel l-ewwel invenzjoni elettrika ewlenija. Sentejn ilu, Oster kien skopra li l-labra ta’ boxxla komuni fil-viċinanzi kienet titgħawweġ jekk ikun għaddej minnha kurrent elettriku. Faraday kien ispirat biex jaħseb li jekk il-kalamita kienet iffissata, il-coil jista 'jiċċaqlaq.
Ibbażat fuq din l-idea, irnexxielu jivvinta apparat sempliċi. Ġewwa l-apparat, sakemm ikun hemm kurrent li jgħaddi mill-wajer, il-wajer ikompli jdur madwar kalamita.
Fil-fatt, Faraday vvinta l-ewwel mutur elettriku, l-ewwel apparat li uża l-elettriku biex iċċaqlaq oġġetti. Għalkemm umli, kien l-antenat tal-muturi elettriċi kollha li qed jintużaw fid-dinja llum. Dan huwa avvanz kbir.
It's just that its practical use was very limited at first, because there was no other way to generate electricity other than simple batteries.
Fl-1873, il-Belġjan Graham ivvinta l-mutur elettriku ta'-qawwa għolja, u l-mutur elettriku ilu jintuża fi produzzjoni industrijali-skala kbira minn dakinhar.